"The Physics of Life" table of contents
| 1 Introduction |
| 1.1 Please do not be afraid of the word “physics”. |
| 1.2 Why am I writing about this? |
| 1.3 Methodology of observations |
| 1.4 Mathematics and physics |
| 1.5 Obstacles |
| 1.6 Encouragement |
| 1.7 Why me? |
| 1.8 Writing methodology |
| 2 Fundamental laws |
| 2.1 Nature of things |
| 2.2 Axioms of the physics of life |
| 2.2.1 The axiom of dualism of the nature of things |
| 2.2.2 Material objects |
| 2.2.2.1 Structure of material objects |
| 2.2.2.2 Duration of objects |
| 2.2.2.3 Transformability of material objects |
| 2.2.2.4 Criteria of objectivity |
| 2.2.2.5 Causing factors |
| 2.2.3 The axiom of mutual interference |
| 2.2.4 The axiom of variability |
| 2.2.5 The axiom of property |
| 3.1 Physics and mathematics |
| 3.2 Defining |
| 3.2.1 Definition of the word definition |
| 3.2.2 Capacity of names |
| 3.3 An object and a system |
| 3.3.1 Definition of an object |
| 3.3.2 Definition of a system |
| 3.3.3 Emergence (appearance), concidence (disappearance) |
| 3.3.4 Causing factors |
| 3.4 Cognition |
| 3.4.1 Natural barriers of cognition |
| 3.4.1.1 Objective observation barrier |
| 3.4.1.2 Information processing barrier |
| 3.4.2 Diagram of cognition |
| 3.4.3 Observation The definition of observation. The observation of falling as a principle: Aristotel (first written observation), Galileo (discovery of the characteristics of falling objects), Newton (mathematical explanation), universal acceptance. Passive and active observations. |
| 3.4.4 Factors distorting observation Two basic factors: distorted reception, bad interpretation |
| 3.4.5 Methods of eliminating distortions of observation Try-at-home methods of testing observation |
| 3.4.5.1 Defining |
| 3.4.5.2 Mathematical exactness Exact, precise and unambiguous definitions |
| 3.4.5.3 Emotional distance and adjectivelessness True objectivity and avoiding adjectives that create emotional ties |
| 3.4.5.4 Changing parameters Checking all sides of a story |
| 3.4.5.5 Source verification Check validity of the source of information - propaganda |
| 3.4.5.6 Impartiality of the observer Follow the money |
| 3.4.5.7 Timelessness Reliable, valid and unchangable |
| 3.4.5.8 Removal of the subjective “I” Removal of self-interests |
| 3.4.6 Information generation Producing misinformation for own benefits |
| 3.4.6.1 Information generation by adopting the opinions of others Paradigms and paradigm-shifts |
| 3.4.6.2 Information generation by participation of “know-it-alls” Talking in such a way to be perceived as an expert |
| 3.4.6.3 Information generation by lying |
| 3.4.6.4 Information generation - authority |
| 3.4.6.5 Information generation resulting from an obsession over an idea |
| 3.4.6.6 Information generation in reaction to being observed |
| 3.4.7 Real life examples |
| 3.4.8 Thinking Analysis of information collected by observation |
| 3.4.8.1 Model construction |
| 3.5 Set, classification |
| 3.6 Description of an object’s properties |
| 3.6.1 Scalar |
| 3.6.2 Vector |
| 3.6.3 Record |
| 3.6.4 Automation systems |
| 3.7 Functions, parameters |
| 3.8 Iteration |
| 3.9 Distribution |
| 3.9.1 Normal distribution curve |
| 3.9.2 Enmeshed in distribution |
| 3.10 Three types of balance |
| 3.11 Interactions |
| 3.11.1 Feedback |
| 3.11.2 Pursuance Gravity explains the behavior of material objects - pursuing explains the behavior of living objects |
| 3.11.3 Factors affecting pursuing |
| 3.11.4 Independent pursuing objects |
| 3.11.5 Construction of an independent pursing object |
| 3.12 Action, tactics, strategy, goal |
| 3.12.1 Definitions |
| 3.12.2 Strategy of living objects |
| 3.12.3 Tactics as seen in plants |
| 3.13 Design |
| 3.14 Improvement |
| 3.14.1 Improvement of an object during one life cycle |
| 3.14.2 Process of evolutionary improvement (PEI) |
| 3.15 Resource, potential |
| 3.16 Characteristics |
| 3.16.1 Characteristics of a spring |
| 3.16.2 Modification characteristics |
| 3.16.3 Why do we need characteristics? |
| 3.17 Process |
| 3.17.1 Process – two definitions |
| 3.17.2 System’s behaviour |
| 3.17.3 Three characteristic types of systems |
| 3.17.4 Impact of disturbances on behaviour |
| 3.17.5 Study of behaviours, study of processes |
| 3.17.6 Some typical processes |
| 3.17.6.1 Chain reaction |
| 3.17.6.2 Inevitable processes |
| 3.17.6.3 Accumulation of harmless factors |
| 3.17.6.4 Layering of harmless factors |
| 3.17.6.5 Optimization processes |
| 3.17.7 An important property of the PEI |
| 3.18 Systems theory |
| 3.18.1 Construction of systems carrying out a given task |
| 3.18.2 Foreseeing the future behaviour of a system |
| 3.18.3 Determination of equilibrium points |
| 3.18.4 Study of the impact of disturbance on behaviour |
| 3.18.5 Changeability of systems |
| 3.18.5.1 Butterfly effect |
| 3.18.5.2 Strengthening mechanism |
| 3.18.5.3 Stability as a measurable value |
| 3.18.6 Study of the character of the system’s behaviour |
| 3.18.6.1 Sudden action |
| 3.18.7 Control of systems |
| 3.18.8 Characteristic system transformations |
| 3.18.8.1 Destructive transformation |
| 3.18.8.2 Bifurcating transformation |
| 3.18.8.3 Merging transformation |
| 3.19 Perceiving the world using objects, systems, processes, transformations and statistics |
| 3.19.1 Market stability |
| 3.19.2 Time-dependent equilibrium states |
| 3.19.3 Tendencies in construction |
| 3.19.4 Model of an honest man |
| 3.19.5 Ideal community and pressure for social exploitation |
| 3.19.6 Behaviour of a living object in view of the systems theory |
| 3.20 Chaos |
| 3.20.1 Chaos and the catch mechanism |
| 3.20.2 Deterministic chaos |
| 3.21 Evolution |
| 3.21.1 Definition of evolution |
| 3.21.2 What is written in the genetic design? |
| 3.21.3 Non-genetic designs |
| 3.21.4 Characteristics of evolution |
| 3.21.4.1 Impact of the selective function on population |
| 3.21.4.2 Victory factor and the “any” theorem |
| 3.21.4.3 The tree of evolution |
| 3.21.4.4 Evolution fork |
| 3.21.4.5 Evolution parameters |
| 3.21.4.6 Tendencies in evolution |
| 3.22 Cooperation and conflict – game theory |
| 3.22.1 Physical basis of cooperation |
| 3.22.2 Mathematical game theory |
| 3.22.3 Prisoner’s dilemma |
| 3.22.4 Iterated prisoner’s dilemma |
| 3.22.5 Iterated cooperation dilemma |
| 3.22.6 An interesting case of a certain type of game |
| 3.22.6.1 Opposing factors |
| 3.22.6.2 Golden mean |
| 3.23 Combinatorics, probability |
| 3.23.1 Basics of combinatorics |
| 3.23.2 Basics of probability calculus |
| 3.24 Popsor, population calculus |
| 3.24.1 Definition of the popsors |
| 3.24.2 Distribution of the popsor’s matrix |
| 3.24.3 Popsor’s hit |
| 3.24.4 Popsor’s sum |
| 3.24.5 Popsor’s trail |
| 3.24.6 Popsor’s selective transformation |
| 3.24.7 Reproductive generation |
| 3.24.8 Popsor’s speciation |
| 3.24.9 Popsor’s movens |
| 3.25 “Phew!” |
| 4 What is life? |
| 4.1 Development of life on Earth chart |
| 4.2 Principles of the physics of life |
| 4.2.1 1st principle of the physics of life |
| 4.2.2 Introduction to the 2nd principle of the physics of life |
| 4.2.3 3rd principle of the physics of life |
| 4.2.4 Introduction to the 4th principle of the physics of life |
| 4.3 Definition of life |
| 4.3.1 Preliminary considerations |
| 4.3.2 An outline of the creation and development of life |
| 4.3.3 HeKroGram |
| 4.3.4 Definition of life |
| 4.4 Process of biological evolution - more details |
| 4.4.1 What hinders understanding?*** |
| 4.4.2 A simple process and its consequences |
| 4.4.3 Co-dependence |
| 4.4.4 Self-exciting, self-perfecting, self-enhancing |
| 4.4.5 Evolutionaries of dualism |
| 4.4.6 Formation of new victory factors |
| 4.4.7 One-way street – directional selection |
| 4.4.8 Stabilisation – stabilising selection |
| 4.4.9 Speciation - splitting selection |
| 4.4.10 Optimization above all – most favourable in the given conditions |
| 4.4.11 S-teen hypothesis |
| 4.4.12 Syndrome of a pioneer |
| 4.4.13 Modification property |
| 4.4.14 Death |
| 4.4.15 Methods of assimilating resources |
| 4.4.16 Cooperation |
| 4.4.17 Process of creation |
| 4.4.18 Speculations regarding the creation of life |
| 4.4.19 A few interesting facts about the Earth's biological evolution |
| 4.4.20 What’s next? |
| 4.4.21 Pure mathematics |
| 4.5 More on strategy and tactic |
| 4.5.1 Creation of a tactic |
| 4.5.2 Overlaying objects |
| 4.5.3 Design bearers: genetic and non-genetic |
| 4.5.4 Characteristic tactics of behaviour |
| 4.5.4.1 Reaction |
| 4.5.4.2 Established patterns of behaviour |
| 4.5.4.3 Stereotypes |
| 4.5.4.4 Principle |
| 4.5.4.5 Impact of memetic designs |
| 4.5.5 Dependence of strategy in a society |
| 4.5.5.1 “Small evolution” – evolutionary-social game |
| 4.5.5.2 Disturbance analysis in “Small evolution” |
| 4.5.5.3 Analysis of the pay chart |
| 4.5.5.4 Broken window theory |
| 4.5.5.5 Simple model of social systems and balance of survival points |
| 4.5.5.6 New evolutionary-social game - “Small group evolution” |
| 4.5.6 Resergy |
| 4.5.6.1 Deliberations on energy |
| 4.5.6.2 Definition of resergy |
| 4.5.6.3 Balancing resergy |
| 4.6 Life from “nothing” to the current state |
| 4.6.1 Prefabricates |
| 4.6.1.1 Bioatoms – fundamental building blocks |
| 4.6.1.2 Bioparticles – particle links |
| 4.6.1.3 Appearance of new properties |
| 4.6.1.4 Biopolyparticles |
| 4.6.1.5 Stages of the development of life versus the building industry |
| 4.6.1.6 RPD phenomenon – a special phenomenon |
| 4.6.2 Start of construction on the basis of a design |
| 4.6.2.1 DNA – sequence copier |
| 4.6.2.2 Proteins |
| 4.6.2.3 RNA – manufacturing department |
| 4.6.2.4 Construction department – disturbances modifying the design |
| 4.6.3 Start of the PEI |
| 4.6.3.1 Life starts |
| 4.6.3.2 Biblical digression as a side note |
| 4.6.3.3 Towards the first cell |
| 4.6.3.4 LUCA hypothesis |
| 4.6.3.5 Phylogenetic tree |
| 4.6.3.6 Mitochondrium |
| 4.6.4 Basic systems and basic creative mechanisms |
| 4.6.4.1 Assimilation of resources |
| 4.6.4.2 Specialisation of objects |
| 4.6.4.3 Cooperating systems |
| 4.6.4.4 Analysis of WSS-type systems |
| 4.6.4.5 Analysis of PSS-type systems |
| 4.6.4.6 Appropriation, clustering, cooperation, specialization |
| 4.6.4.7 Theory of symbiogenesis |
| 4.6.5 Cells |
| 4.6.5.1 Pre-cell |
| 4.6.5.2 Two basic types of cells |
| 4.6.5.3 Cell types by DNA organization |
| 4.6.5.4 Transformation of prokaryotic cells |
| 4.6.5.5 Cell cycle |
| 4.6.5.6 Transformation of eukaryotic cells |
| 4.6.6 Multicellular objects |
| 4.6.6.1 Two mechanisms of the formation of multicellular groups |
| 4.6.6.2 Known stages of specialization |
| 4.6.6.3 *** Differential transformation and morphogenesis |
| 4.6.6.4 Biocomputers |
| 4.7 Evolution, natural selection, Darwinism |
| 4.7.1 Basic tactics of the assimilation of resources |
| 4.7.2 Levels of organization of living objects |
| 4.7.3 Evolution, problems with a definition |
| 4.7.3.1 Revision of the 2nd principle of the physics of life? |
| 4.7.3.2 4th principle of the physics of life |
| 4.8 Single living object |
| 4.8.1 Principle of life’s dependence |
| 4.8.2 Principle of optimization of tactics of behaviour used in the fulfillment of life strategies |
| 4.8.2.1 Rule of optimisation of assimilation of resources tactics |
| 4.8.2.2 Rule of a hierarchy of resources |
| 4.8.2.3 Rule of the protection of self |
| 4.8.2.4 Rule of responsibility |
| 4.8.2.5 Rule of recognition |
| 4.8.2.6 Rule of nurture |
| 4.8.2.7 Rule of a group |
| 4.9 How to perceive? |
| Conclusion |
| Bibliography |
| Index |